The Influence of Traditional Games on the Development of Preschool

Cinthia Rani Saputri — 2026-06-30

Preschool-aged children are in the pre-operational stage, where they begin to demonstrate symbolic thinking skills, namely the ability to use symbols, images, or words to represent objects and events in their environment. Children are able to use language to express ideas and feelings, although their thinking patterns are still egocentric and they are not yet able to see other people's perspectives. Delays in development during this period can impact subsequent stages of development, particularly when children enter school age, which requires cognitive, social, and emotional readiness. This study aims to assess the influence of traditional games on the development of preschool-aged children at TK Pertiwi 1 Kantor Gubernur of Padang City.

basic procedures, research design, selection and size of study subjects; observational and analytical methods

Data collection was conducted using the Pre-Screening Development Questionnaire (KPSP). The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the average development of children before playing traditional games was 5.37 and after playing traditional games was 8.51. There was a significant effect on the development of preschool-aged children before and after being given traditional games, with a mean difference of 3.14 and a p-value of 0.000.

The recommendation of this study is that nurses should monitor the development of preschool-aged children and provide stimulation by implementing traditional games such as “Long Snake and How Many ABCs.

Application of Nursing Care for Pleural Effusion Patients in Pulmonary Ward

Aini Yusra — 2026-06-30

Background: Pleural effusion is a respiratory disorder characterized by abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity that may impair pulmonary expansion and gas exchange. Patients with pleural effusion commonly experience dyspnea, productive cough, decreased oxygenation, fatigue, and impaired activity tolerance. Appropriate nursing care is essential to improve respiratory function, maintain airway patency, and enhance patient comfort during hospitalization.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the application of nursing care for pleural effusion patients in a pulmonary ward.

Methods: This study used a descriptive case study design involving one patient diagnosed with pleural effusion in the Pulmonary Ward of Mohammad Natsir Regional Hospital, Solok City. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation review from April 2 to April 5, 2025. Data analysis was performed by comparing clinical findings with nursing theories, Indonesian nursing standards, and recent evidence-based literature.

Results: The patient experienced shortness of breath, productive cough, weakness, and limited physical activity. Nursing assessment identified three primary nursing diagnoses, namely ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing pattern, and activity intolerance. Nursing interventions included airway management, oxygen therapy, effective coughing exercises, breathing pattern management, positioning, and energy conservation techniques. Evaluation results demonstrated improvement in respiratory status, reduction of dyspnea, decreased sputum accumulation, and better activity tolerance after the interventions were implemented.

Conclusion: The application of comprehensive nursing care contributed positively to respiratory improvement and patient comfort in pleural effusion management. Early assessment, evidence-based respiratory interventions, and continuous nursing monitoring are important to optimize patient outcomes and prevent complications.

Journal of Applied Holistic Nursing Science

The Influence of Traditional Games on the Development of Preschool

Application of Nursing Care for Pleural Effusion Patients in Pulmonary Ward